[assunnah] turunnya alqur'an (pertama kali)

Sudah kita ketahui bersama bahwa kebanyakan dari kaum
muslimin memperingati turunnya Al Qur'an pada malam 17
bulan romadhon. Berikut ini adalah nukilan dari kitab
Rahiqul Makhtum oleh Syaikh Shafiyurrohman Mubarakfury
(yang diterjemahkan dalam Sirah Rasulullah dan diterbitkan
oleh beberapa penerbit) tentang perbedaan pendapat dalam
menetapkan awal bulan Allah memuliakan beliau dengan
nubuwah dan menurunkan wahyu.

Kata beliau :
Diantara mereka (pakar sejarah) lebih banyak yang
menetapkannya pada bulan Rabi'ul Awwal.
Sebagian golongan yang lain menetapkannya bulan Ramadhon
Dan golongan yang lain menetapkannya pada bulan Rajab
(lihat Mukhtashar Siratir Rasul oleh Syaikh Abdullah bin
Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab an Najdy hal 75)

Sementara Syaikh Mubarakfury menguatkan pendapat kedua
yaitu pada bulan Ramadhan, yang hal ini dikuatkan oleh
firman Allah :
1. Bulan Ramadhan, bulan yang didalamnya diturunkan
(permulaan) Al Qur'an (Al Baqarah : 185)
2. Sesungguhnya Kami menurunkannya (Al Qur'an) pada
Lailatul Qadr (Al Qadr : 1)
sebagaimana yang sudah diketahui bersama, lailatul Qadar
adalah pada bulan Ramadhan. Inilah maksud dari firman
Allah : Sesungguhnya Kami menurunkannya pada suatu malam
yang diberkahi dan sesungguhnya Kami-lah yang memberi
peringatan (Ad Dukhan:3). Karena saat itu beliau berada di
gua Hira, berarti Jibril turun disana, sebagaimana yang
sudah diketahui.

Ada pula perbedaan pendapat diantara para pakar tentang
penentuan harinya dari bulan Ramadhan. Ada yang
berpendapat :
1. pada hari ketujuh
2. pada hari ketujuh belas
3. pada hari kedelapan belas
(lihat Mukhtashar Siratir Rasul oleh Syaikh Abdullah bin
Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab an Najdy hal 75)

Syaikh Mubarakfury menguatkan pendapat yang menyatakan
pada tanggal duapuluh satu, sekalipun beliau tidak melihat
orang yang menguatkan pendapat ini. Sebab semua pakar
sejarah sejarah atau setidak-tidaknya mayoritas diantara
mereka sepakat bahwa beliau diangkat sebagai rasul pada
hari senin. Hal ini diperkuat riwayat para imam hadits,
dari Abu Qatadah Radhiyallahuanhu bahwa Rasulullah
Shallallahu alaihi wasalaam pernah ditanya tentang puasa
hari senin. Beliau menjawab, "Pada hari inilah aku
dilahirkan dan pada hari ini pula turun wahyu (yang
pertama) kepadaku." dalam lafazh lain disebutkan, "Itulah
hari aku dilahirkan dan pada hari itu pula aku diutus
sebagai rasul atau turun kepadaku wahyu," Lihat shahi
muslim 1/268; Ahmad 5/299; Al Baihaqy 4/286-300; Al Hakim
2/602.

Hari senin dari bulan Ramadhan pada tahun itu jatuh pada
tanggal 7, 14,21 dan 28. Beberapa riwayat yang shahih
telah menunjukkan bahwa lailatul qadar tidak jatuh kecuali
pada malam-malam ganjil dari sepuluh hari terakhir dari
bulan Ramadhan.
Jadi jika kita membandingkan antara firman Allah,
"Sesungguhnya Kami menurunkannya (Al QUran) pada Lailatul
Qadr," dengan riwayat Qatadah bahwa hari diutusnya beliau
sebagai rasul jatuh pada hari senin, serta berdasarkan
penelitian ilmiah tentang jatuhnya hari senin dari bulan
Ramadhan pada tahun itu, maka jelaslah bagi kami bahwa
hari diutusnya beliau sebagai rasul jatuh pada malam
tanggal dua puluh satu dari bulan Ramadhan.
-selesai-
~~~~~~~~~~~~
Sebaik-baik pengikut adalah pengikut Rasulullah sholallahu
'alaihi wasalaam,
sejelek-jelek pengikut adalah pengikut hawa nafsu









3 TAHAP PENURUNAN ALQURAN
Allah menurunkan alquran kepada manusia melalui 3 kali tahap penurunan.
1. Di lauhil mahfudz yang semua orang tidak tau kapan, tangal, bulan, tahunnya berapa ketika turun ?
Ibnu katsir lewat riwayat ibnu khatam:
“Ma min syai’in qodo allah al quran wama qoblahu wama ba’dahu illa bil lauhil mahfudz”
Artinya: “apapun yang di qodo’ Allah sebelum dan sesudah alquran , semuanya itu di letakkan di lauhil mahfudz dan tak tau dimana itu letaknya dan tidak diijinkan siapaun tau tentang lauhil mahfudz.
Adapun jumlahnya seklaigus atau jumlatan wahidatan.
2. Dari lauhil mahfudz ke baitul ‘izza (سماء الدنيا) yaitu langit yang pertama yang tampak ketika dilihat di dunia ini namun tidak diketahui letak persisinya. Adapun jumlahnya adalah semuanya (jumlatan wahidatan) pada waktu lialatul qodar. Namun tanggalnya tidak diketahuai, adapaun bulannya sudah jelas pada bulan romadhon.
Inna anzalnahu fi lailatil al qodri
Syahru ar-romadhona alladzi unzila fiihi alquran
Semuanya ayat tadi itu menunjukkan bahwasannya penurunan alquran dari lauhil mahfudz ke baitul ‘izzah.
Sebetulnya tidak hanya alquran saja yang diturunkan pada bulan romadhon, namun juga;
1. Taurot : 6 hari setelah romadhon
2. Suhuf ibrohim : 1 romadhon
3. Injil : 13 hari setelah romadhon
4. Zabur : 12 setelah romadhon
3. Dari baitul ‘izzah ke rosulallah.
Penurunannya tidak seklaigus, namun diangsur-angsur berdasrkan kebutuhan, peristiwa, atau kejadian atau bahkan permintaan lewat malaikat jibril.
Ayat pertama turun tepat pada tanggal 17 romadhon saat umur rosulallah 41 tahun. Adapun ayatnya; “iqro’ bismi robbika alladzi kholaq ---‘allama al-insana ma lam ya’lam”
Adapun ayat terakhir pada tanggal 9 dzulhijjah/10 hijrah pada haji wada’. Sedangkan ayatnya adalah; “al yauma akmaltu lakum dinakum….”


"Allah! there is no god but He! To Him belongs the Most Beautiful Names." (Qur'an 20:8)

1. Ar-Rahman
• The One who has plenty of mercy for the believers and the blasphemers in this world and especially for the believers in the hereafter.
• The Most Merciful

2. Ar-Rahim
• The One who has plenty of mercy for the believers.
• The most Compassionate

3. Al-Malik
• The One with the complete Dominion, the One Whose Dominion is clear from imperfection.
• The King, the Monarch

4. Al-Quddus
• The One who is pure from any imperfection and clear from children and adversaries.
• The Holy one

5. As-Salam
• The One who is free from every imperfection.
• The Peace, The Tranquility

6. Al-Mu'min
• The One who witnessed for Himself that no one is God but Him. And He witnessed for His believers that they are truthful in their belief that no one is God but Him.
• The One with Faith
• The Faithful, The Trusted

7. Al-Muhaymin
• The One who witnesses the saying and deeds of His creatures.
• The Protector
• The vigilant, the controller

8. Al-'Aziz
• The Defeater who is not defeated.
• The Mighty
• The Almighty, the powerful

9. Al-Jabbar
• The One that nothing happens in His Dominion except that which He willed.
• The all Compelling

10. Al-Mutakabbir
• The One who is clear from the attributes of the creatures and from resembling them.
• The Haughty, the Majestic
• The Imperious

11. Al-Khaliq
• The One who brings everything from non-existence to existence.
• The Creator, the Maker

12.Al-Bari'
• The Creator who has the Power to turn the entities.
• The Artificer, the Creator

13.Al-Musawwir
• The One who forms His creatures in different pictures.
• The Fashioner
• The Organizer, the Designer

14.Al-Ghaffar
• The One who forgives the sins of His slaves time and time again.
• The Forgiving, the Forgiver

15.Al-Qahhar
• The Subduer who has the perfect Power and is not unable over anything.
• The Almighty, the Dominant

16.Al-Wahhab
• The One who is Generous in giving plenty without any return.
• The Donor, the Bestower

17. Ar-Razzaq
• The Provider, the Sustainer

18. Al-Fattah
• The One who opens for His slaves the closed worldly and religious matters.
• The Opener, the Revealer

19. Al-'Alim
• The Knowledgeable; The One nothing is absent from His knowledge.
• The all Knowing, the Omniscient

20. Al-Qabid
• The One who constricts the sustenance.
• The Contractor, The Restrainer, the Recipient.

21. Al-Basit
• The One who expands and widens.
• The Expander, He who expands

22. Al-Khafid
• The One who lowers whoever He willed by His Destruction.
• The Abaser, the Humbler

23. Ar-Rafi'
• The One who raises whoever He willed by His Endowment.
• The Raiser, the Exalter

24. Al-Mu'iz
• He gives esteem to whoever He willed, hence there is no one to degrade Him;
• The Honorer, the Exalter

25. Al-Muzil
• Degrades whoever he willed, hence there is no one to give him esteem.
• The Abaser, the Degrader, the Subduer

26. As-Sami'
• The One who Hears all things that are heard by His Eternal Hearing without an ear, instrument or organ.
• The Hearer, The All hearing, all knowing.

27. Al-Basir
• The One who Sees all things that are seen by His Eternal Seeing without a pupil or any other instrument.
• The Seer, The discerning, the All seeing.

28. Al-Hakam
• He is the Ruler and His judgment is His Word.
• The arbitrator, the Judge

29. Al-'Adl
• The One who is entitled to do what He does.
• The justice, the equitable. The Just.

30. Al-Latif
• The Most Gentle, the Gracious.
• The One who is kind

31. Al-Khabir
• The One who knows the truth of things.
• The Aware. The Sagacious, one is who is aware.

32. Al-Halim
• The One who delays the punishment for those who deserve it and then He might forgive them.
• The Gentle. The most patient, the Clement.

33. Al-'Azim
• The One deserving the attributes of Exaltment, Glory, Extolment, and Purity from all imperfection.
• The Great, Mighty

34. Al-Ghafoor
• The One who forgives a lot.
• The Forgiving, the Pardoner.

35. Ash-Shakur
• The One who gives a lot of reward for a little obedience.
• The Grateful, the Thankful

36. Al-'Ali
• The One who is clear from the attributes of the creatures.
• The most high, the exalted.

37. Al-Kabir
• The One who is greater than everything in status.
• The great, the big.

38. Al-Hafiz
• The One who protects whatever and whoever He willed to protect.
• The Guardian, the preserver.

39. Al-Muqit
• The One who has the Power.
• The maintainer, The Nourisher

40. Al-Hasib
• The One who gives the satisfaction.
• The noble, The Reckoner

41. Aj-Jalil
• The One who is attributed with greatness of Power and Glory of status.
• The Majestic. The honorable, the exalted.

42. Al-Karim
• The One who is clear from abjectness.
• The most generous, the Bountiful.

43. Ar-Raqib
• The One that nothing is absent from Him. Hence it's meaning is related to the attribute of Knowledge.
• The Guardian, the watchful. Watcher.

44. Al-Mujib
• The One who answers the one in need if he asks Him and rescues the yearner if he calls upon Him.
• The Responder. The respondent, one who answers.

45. Al-Wasi'
• The Englober. The enricher, the Omnipresent, the Knowledgeable.

46. Al-Hakim
• The One who is correct in His doings.
• The most Wise, the Judicious.

47. Al-Wadud
• The Affectionate, the Loving.

48. Al-Majid
• The One who is with perfect Power, High Status, Compassion, Generosity and Kindness.
• The Glorious, the exalted.

49. Al-Ba'ith
• The One who resurrects for reward and/or punishment.
• The Resurrector, the Raiser from death.

50. Ash-Shahid
• The One who nothing is absent from Him.
• The Witness

51. Al-Haqq
• The One who truly exists.
• The Truth, the Just.

52. Al-Wakil
• The One who gives the satisfaction and is relied upon.
• The Guardian, the Trustee

53. Al-Qawee
• The One with the complete Power.
• The powerful, the Almighty, The Strong

54. Al-Matin
• The One with extreme Power which is un-interrupted and He does not get tired.
• The Strong, the Firm

55. Al-Walee
• The Supporter, the Friend, the Defender the master.

56. Al-Hamid
• The praised One who deserves to be praised.
• The Praiseworthy , the Commendable

57. Al-Muhsi
• The One who the count of things are known to him.
• The Counter

58. Al-Mubdi'
• The One who started the human being. That is, He created him.
• The Beginner, the Creator, The Originator

59. Al-Mu'eed
• The One who brings back the creatures after death.
• The Restorer, the Resurrector.

60. Al-Muhyee
• The One who took out a living human from semen that does not have a soul. He gives life by giving the souls back to the worn out bodies on the resurrection day and He makes the hearts alive by the light of knowledge.
• The Bestower, the Life Giver.

61. Al-Mumeet
• The One who renders the living dead.
• The Bringer of Death. The Death Giver.

62. Al-Hayy
• The One attributed with a life that is unlike our life and is not that of a combination of soul, flesh or blood.
• The Living. The Alive, the ever living.

63. Al-Qayyum
• The One who remains and does not end.
• The Self-Subsistent, The Eternal, the Self Sustaining.

64. Al-Wajid
• The Rich who is never poor. Al-Wajd is Richness.
• The all perceiving, the Opulent, the Finder.

65. Al-Wahid
• The One without a partner.
• The One, the Unique.

66. Al-Majid
• The One who is Majid.
• The Noble, the illustrious.

67. Al-Ahad
• The only, the Unique.

68. As-Samad
• The Master who is relied upon in matters and reverted to in ones needs.
• The Perfect, the Eternal.

69. Al-Qadir
• The One attributed with Power.
• The Able, the Capable, the Omnipotent.

70. Al-Muqtadir
• The One with the perfect Power that nothing is withheld from Him.
• The Capable, The all Powerful

71. Al-Muqaddim
• He makes ahead what He wills.
• The Presenter, The Advancer, The Expediter

72. Al-Mu'akhkhir
• The One who delays what He wills.
• The Fulfiller, the keeper behind, The Deferrer

73. Al-'Awwal
• The One whose Existence is without a beginning.
• The First

74. Al-'Akhir
• The One whose Existence is without an end.
• The Last

75. Az-Zahir
• The Apparent, the Exterior, The Manifest
• The One that nothing is above Him and nothing is underneath Him, hence He exists without a place.

76. Al-Batin
• The Hidden, the Interior, the Latent

77. Al-Wali
• The One who owns things and manages them.
• The Governor, The Ruler, The Master

78. Al-Muta'ali
• The One who is clear from the attributes of the creation.
• The Exalted, The most high, one above reproach.

79. Al-Barr
• The One who is kind to His creatures, who covered them with His sustenance and specified whoever He willed among them by His support, protection, and special mercy.
• The Benefactor, The Beneficent, the Pious.

80. At-Tawwab
• The One who grants repentance to whoever He willed among His creatures and accepts his repentance.
• The Acceptor of Repentance, The Forgiver, the Relenting.

81. Al-Muntaqim
• The One who victoriously prevails over His enemies and punishes them for their sins. It may mean the One who destroys them.
• The Avenger

82. Al-'Afuww
• The One with wide forgiveness.
• The Forgiver, the effacer, the Pardoner

83. Ar-Ra'uf
• The One with extreme Mercy. The Mercy of Allah is His will to endow upon whoever He willed among His creatures.
• The merciful, the Ever Indulgent.

84. Al-Muqsit
• The One who is Just in His judgment.
• The Just, the Equitable

85. Aj-Jami'
• The One who gathers the creatures on a day that there is no doubt about, that is the Day of Judgment.
• The Collector, the comprehensive, Gatherer

86. Al-Ghanee
• The One who does not need the creation.
• The rich, the all sufficing, Self-Sufficient

87. Al-Mughnee
• The One who satisfies the necessities of the creatures.
• The Enricher, sufficer, the bestower.

88. Al-Mani'
• The Supporter who protects and gives victory to His pious believers. Al-Mu'tiy
• The Withholder
• The Preventer, the prohibiter, the defender.

89. Ad-Darr
• The One who makes harm reach to whoever He willed.
• The Distresser , The afflictor, the bringer of Adversity.

90. An-Nafi'
• The One who gives benefits to whoever He wills.
• The Beneficial Benefactor

91. An-Nur
• The One who guides.
• The Light

92. Al-Hadi
• The One whom with His Guidance His believers were guided, and with His Guidance the living beings have been guided to what is beneficial or them and protected from what is harmful to them.
• The Guide

93. Al-Badi'
• The One who created the creation and formed it without any preceding example.
• The Wonderful, the maker, Incomparable

94. Al-Baqi
• The One that the state of non-existence is impossible for Him.
• The Enduring, the Everlasting, the eternal

95. Al-Warith
• The One whose Existence remains.
• The Inheritor, The Heir

96. Ar-Rashid
• The One who guides.
• The Rightly Guided, The Conscious, the Guide

97. As-Sabur
• The One who does not quickly punish the sinners.
• The most Patient, the Enduring.

98. Malik Al-Mulk
• The One who controls the Dominion and gives dominion to whoever He willed.
• The Ruler of the Kingdom, king of the Universe

99. Zul-l-Jalal wal-Ikram
• The One who deserves to be Exalted and not denied.
• Lord of Majesty and Generosity